NC23 Engine Noise

The NC23 has been making this ticking sound when first started when cold since I got it. It disappears after a minute or so. This might just be a bad exhaust gasket. It’s also clear the clutch bearing is going, because pulling the clutch in when cold often results in some quite unpleasant noises. That shouldn’t be a big deal, though.

However, lately it’s started making a much worse-sounding, loud rattle around 3000RPM. This also goes away, or at least becomes much less noticeable, when the bike has warmed up properly. The sound is what I associate with piston slap, but I’m not sure what it is. It’s confined to a very narrow RPM range, it’s basically only there between 3000-3500 RPM. It largely goes away when the bike has warmed up properly.

I tried recording the noise with my phone, but its microphone isn’t good enough to pick it up. I finally pulled out the Macbook with the high-quality Sennheiser USB microphone, which worked much better:

Any ideas what this might be? I first noticed it about a month ago and it got worse quite rapidly. Now it seems to have stabilized.

There’s also a low-end rumble that I assume are the crankshaft or rod end bearings. I’d be fine rebuilding the engine and replacing the bearings, but I don’t want to do that until the NC30 is regularly rideable (and who knows how long that’ll take) so I hope it can go a little while longer.

NC30 alternator rewire #2

The NC30 rewire has been completed. The first post described the alternator/rectifier wiring, what remained was the battery wiring.

Since the master fuse and connectors to the alternator and the loads are integral to the starter solenoid and doesn’t lend itself to upgrading, I’d decided to bypass it completely. The new battery wiring goes from a ring terminal on the battery side of the starter solenoid through a beefy Metri-Pack 630 fuse holder as the new master fuse (those connectors are good for 46A) and then meets up with the alternator supply under the seat.

The new battery wiring. The MP630 fuse holder that replaces the master fuse can be seen behind the wires going to the starter solenoid.

The new battery wiring. The MP630 fuse holder that replaces the master fuse can be seen behind the wires going to the starter solenoid.

In the stock wiring, the full current for the bike goes from the master fuse forward to the ignition switch and then back to the fuse box under the seat. On its way, it twice crosses a 3-circuit connector, the same type as the alternator wiring, on the right side of the engine. While this connector was in better shape than the alternator connector, it was clearly corroded and loose. It also seems to be that asking the ignition switch to switch that much current will be detrimental to its survival, and getting a new one won’t be easy.

For these reasons, I decided to use a 40A relay under the seat for switching the full load. As luck would have it, the ignition switch is a 3-pole switch and has two wires going back to the fusebox (presumably to spread the load a bit). But this means that you have access to a switched circuit back at the fusebox that can be used to switch the master relay.

So, the 6 connectors going to the fusebox were cut. The two supply wires (that used to connect to the ignition switch, were instead connected to the switch output of the relay. The two wires going to the ignition switch were connected to the supply and to the relay input, and then the other side of the relay input goes to the repurposed ground wire for the alternator. It all looks like this:

The master relay that takes the place of the ignition switch is under the seat, in the top left of the picture. It connects to the fusebox with a six-way connector. The ignition switch controls the relay and is connected through the smaller 2-pole connector. (The other 2-wire connector, with the rubber cover, is the connector for the new solid-state blinker relay.)

The master relay that takes the place of the ignition switch is under the seat, in the top of the picture. It connects to the fusebox with a six-way connector. The ignition switch controls the relay and is connected through the smaller 2-pole connector. (The other 2-wire connector, with the rubber cover, is the connector for the new solid-state blinker relay mounted to the left of the master relay.)

On the right side of the engine, I cut off the old connector to the ignition switch and crimped a new, smaller, 2-circuit connector on it instead. I still want to replace one more corroded connector by the engine, the one to the right handlebar. Luckily I have a replacement, so that shouldn’t be a problem. I probably should also secure the big connector to the alternator so the stator wires don’t wear off. Since they are much thinner than my new wire, all the bending happens where they come out of the connector.

All in all, it seems to work beautifully. The voltage is stable around 14.5V. Hopefully that will be the end of electrical problems. No, wait. I still have to add the second H4 connector for the headlight…

NC30 alternator rewire #1

As I described in the last post, the charge wiring on the NC30 was seriously fubar and needed a complete rewire. After a massive order of electrical gear, I had all I needed.

The first task was to find a replacement regulator/rectifier. I found a used FH008 MOSFET rectifier off of a CBR600 on ebay (actually I found two) and ordered it. According to the Rectifier/Regulator Upgrade post, the FH008 should be smaller than the FH0012/FH020 that they recommend. Those are really big and have a larger hole spacing than the stock R/R, making fitting it more of a chore.

Unfortunately it turns out that the FH008 is also really big and has a larger hole spacing:

Here's the new FH008 regulator on the left vs the stock NC30 one on the right. Quite a difference...

Here’s the new FH008 regulator on the left vs the stock NC30 one on the right. Quite a difference…

Because of its size, fitting it was a bit tricky. There’s not a lot of clearance to the fairing and the plate where the R/R is mounted is not flat. I cut the stock bolts off and drilled new holes. The regulator sits against the “ridges” on the plate, with spacers on the bolts. The stock one was mounted against the plate for cooling, but the CBR600 one actually sat on spacers, so I figured it would be OK to mount it on spacers here, too. After fiddling around finding the best position to clear the fairing, this was the result:

The new FH008 regulator/rectifier mounted where the old one sat.

The new FH008 regulator/rectifier mounted where the old one sat.

The new regulator had connectors on wires, which I cut off. The regulator output has two pairs of wires which are just connected together. They are both 12ga (about 3mm^2), and one is more than enough for what the NC30 alternator can supply, so I just sealed one pair and mounted the Metri-Pack connector on the other. I also added a 30A fuse in another Metri-Pack connector. The stock regulator isn’t fused, but it seemed prudent to fuse it so if the output gets shorted to ground the fuse will blow rather than the alternator. The ground wire was attached to the same screw as the battery ground wire. (The stock ground connection goes into the main loom, which is grounded at the front engine mount, resulting in quite a long ground return path for the regulator. This way the regulator has a direct ground return to the battery.)

The new regulator wired up. The outputs are connected first to a Metri-Pack fuse holder to protect the alternator/rectifier, and then to a Metri-Pack connector.

The new regulator wired up. The outputs are connected first to a Metri-Pack fuse holder to protect the alternator/rectifier, and then to a Metri-Pack connector.

The alternator wires were cut near where they come out of the alternator cover and another, 3-place Metri-Pack connector was added. These wires are quite thin (more on that below) so I wanted to get rid of as much of them as possible. Then I pulled three new 12ga wires that I spliced onto the yellow wires coming out of the regulator. The stock wires run in the loom to the right side of the engine and then over to the left side. Instead, I pulled the new wires in a plastic sleeve directly forward on the left side.

The Metri-pack connector for the alternator wires. Note how much thicker than the old ones the new wires are. The stock alternator wires are only about 16ga (1.3mm^2) and get quite hot.

The Metri-pack connector for the alternator wires. Note how much thicker than the old ones the new wires are. The stock alternator wires are only about 16 gauge (1.3mm^2) and get quite hot.

The battery side isn’t wired yet, but I temporarily hooked up the output from the new regulator to the battery so I could check that the new regulator worked. It seems fine. Before, the voltage would swing violently depending on rpm. Now, I had 14.5V at idle and 14.7V at a few thousand rpm, much more stable. During the few minutes that I ran it, the new regulator didn’t even get noticeably warm. Neither did any of the new wires. The short length of old alternator wires are a different story though — they got hot, to the point that it was uncomfortable holding them.

The old 16ga alternator wiring is clearly undersized for the current the alternator supplies. I don’t know how much current the alternator can supply but to run everything on the bike and charge the battery it must be at least something like 20A. The current in the 3-phase alternator wires should then be about 13A. The table for wire sizing that I looked at said that a 16ga wire at 18A gets to 90C. That’s much too hot for me. I don’t understand why Honda couldn’t up the size of these, we’re talking a total of maybe 3m of wire. Hopefully it doesn’t get too hot for the connector!

The new alternator wiring in place.

The new alternator wiring in place. The red supply wire is not hooked up, but everything else is complete. The Metri-Pack fuse holder fits handily in the rubber grommet where the turn signal relay used to be. The lug for the ground wires is just above the lower subframe attachment bolt.

Next step is the battery side of things, to bypass the burned out master fuse connector and the long current path forward to the ignition key and then back to the fuse box.

Honda Electrical Fail

Both the NC23 and the NC30 are known for having weak regulator/rectifiers. Mine seemed to work, though I’d definitely noticed a very distinct brightening and dimming of the lights when revving the engine. Since I have enough things to fix on these bikes, I didn’t exactly go looking for more. Then I started digging into the electrical system on the NC30…

It started with the headlights. Since I want to replace the Tyga Thai-special headlight with stock ones to have any hope of passing the Hawaii safety inspection, I was looking for the second H4 connector. The Tyga headlight only uses one, but I figured the other one would be tucked back there somewhere. However, I couldn’t find it. Eventually, I took the entire instrument cluster off, and after unwinding some electrical tape I found a stub of three wires. Apparently it was just too much weight to keep an unused H4 connector around, so naturally you just snip that off the impossible-to-replace wiring loom…

Whatever, it’s no big deal to splice some wire on there and add another connector. But I got tired of getting completely filthy with grime whenever touching anything on the bike so I decided to take the fairings off and pull it out into the driveway for a little decontamination. This rapidly led to some unpleasant discoveries.

First was the fact that I had a hard time getting the connector to the starter relay / master fuse off. After some violent wiggling, I was presented with this:

This is the NC30 master fuse and connector. I've never seen a fuse turn into a ball before.

This is the NC30 master fuse and connector. I’ve never seen a fuse turn into a ball before.

Apparently the connections to either the fuse or the connectors (the two blackened connectors are the supply from the alternator and the connection to the rest of the bike) had deteriorated enough that it totally melted itself. These connectors carry the full charge current and current draw of the bike, and they aren’t sealed, so I guess 20 years worth of corrosion is enough to do that.

Continuing around the right side of the bike, I came to the collection of connectors on the right side of the engine:

These yellow wires are the connection between the alternator and the rectifier.

These yellow wires are the connection between the alternator and the rectifier.

One of these connectors are where the wires from the alternator join the main loom on their way to the regulator. These carry the charging current from the alternator and are also not sealed. The connector hadn’t melted, but the insulation had charred and even bubbled from overheating, so it’s clear the connection here isn’t good either.

This led me to the other end of those wires, at the regulator/rectifier. This connector I couldn’t even get off, but that wasn’t necessary to see how it’s doing; the alternator wires came apart as I tried to get the connector off.

The connector to the regulator/rectifier. This one didn't come off, but the wires did...

The connector to the regulator/rectifier. This one didn’t come off, but the wires did…

Before I tried getting that connector off, I plugged everything back in and started it. The alternator and rectifier connectors got uncomfortably hot pretty much right away. In case there wasn’t enough motivation before, having hot wires definitely puts me out of my comfort zone…

The damage isn’t confined to the high-current connectors. The connector to the right handlebar switchgear was also badly corroded:

The connector to the right handlebar switches. It's a bit hard to tell in the picture, but the terminals are covered with white corrosion.

The connector to the right handlebar switches. It’s a bit hard to tell in the picture, but the terminals are covered with white corrosion.


After this disappointing discovery, I figured I should see how the NC23 is doing. The answer is: better, but not good:

The alternator connection on the NC23. No melted insulation here, but the connector definitely looks distressed.

The alternator connection on the NC23. No melted insulation here, but the connector definitely looks distressed.

The rectifier connector on the NC23. This one's also darkened from heat, even if the wires haven't melted yet.

The rectifier connector on the NC23. This one’s also darkened from heat, even if the wires haven’t melted yet.

The NC23 appears to be in no immediate danger of catching fire, but the connectors definitely show signs of overheating. I suppose it would be better to fix this problem before it gets to the NC30’s state.

The problem seems to be that the unsealed connectors used by Honda, with maybe marginal current capacity to begin with, can’t survive being exposed to the elements for decades without corroding and then burning up. Maybe these connectors were state of the art in 1990, but today you can easily find sealed, high-current connectors. It seems this part of the bikes is ripe for an upgrade.

Rectifier technology also has improved over the last 20-25 years. Modern MOSFET-based rectifiers are more efficient, run cooler, and have better regulation than the units mounted on these bikes. If I’m going to start replacing things, it makes sense to put in a modern unit instead of waiting until these go out and possibly take the ECU with them. This post goes into a lot of detail about rectifier upgrades. The only problem is that the FH020 unit that is easy to find for upgrades is humongously large compared to the original unit and with 50A capacity it’s clearly overkill. The FH008 one that was used on CBR600’s around 2005 has the same hole spacing, 60mm, as the stock units on both the NC23 and NC30, and with 35A capacity it should be fully sufficient for our needs. That one is harder to find, though.

So, I’ve started gathering a shopping list of Metri-Pack connectors, automotive-quality wire, and scouring the web for rectifiers. This will be redone correctly , so there’s no chance of this problem recurring. I’ll post an update when things start happening.

NC23 Makeover #2

It’s been almost a year since the first installment of the makeover. The unpainted side fairing has been lying around taunting me, but I was a bit intimidated by embarking on painting.

Not long after the last post, I went to the local Finishmaster store. They were super helpful, matched the paint from the good side panel and said this should work fine. It’s apparently getting hard to find solvent-based paint in California due to emissions regulations, but they are easier to paint and luckily a good match existed. I left the store with my backpack stuffed with primer, base coat, a good-quality DuPont 2-component clear coat, and other good stuff.

I was following this post from BARF, which is a good overview of how to paint. He really stresses the importance of practicing before starting to spray the actual pieces, so I started with an empty water jug: filling, sanding, filling some more, sanding even more… Eventually, I got to primer, sanding, base coat, and it was looking pretty good. Then it was time for clear coat, and stuff fell apart. (Which incidentally is exactly what reckon says in that post.) I could not get an even surface, the clear orange peeled like crazy. Normally you’d only use two coats, but since this was a practice piece I kept trying different paint gun settings to see if it would make a difference. Eventually, the clear started running…

Even if I failed miserably with the water jug, it's clear the paint is a good match.

Even if I failed miserably with the water jug, it’s clear the paint is a good match. The jug looks a bit greenish in this picture, but that’s because of the very thick layer of clear coat.

I was sufficiently discouraged by the inability to get a good, even spray of clear that I lost momentum. The orange peel can have many different sources, like the coat not being dry enough, too low pressure (I think), and too high temperature for the clear. The trouble is that it’s hard to do a scientific analysis of this without using an inordinate amount of the (quite expensive) clear.

Anyway, 9 months later and I decide that no matter how bad the paint might get, it’s going to look better than riding around without a side panel, which I’ve now been doing for almost a year… The filling was almost done, so I just applied a bit more glaze on the uneven spots and tried priming it.

The first coat of primer, after sanding. I blew through the primer at several points.

The first coat of primer, after sanding. I blew through the primer at several points.

This closeup shows that there are quite a bit of unfilled pinholes and gouges still visible.

This closeup shows that there are quite a bit of unfilled pinholes and gouges still visible.

The first attempt was not entirely successful, as is obvious from the pictures above. I went back and re-primed, sanded (more carefully around the edges this time) and this time it looked better:

The second attempt at priming. This time I tookcare not to blow through the primer on the edges.

The second attempt at priming. This time I tookcare not to blow through the primer on the edges.

There are still obvious flaws, there’s a flat spot in the intake, and the places where the panel was plastifixed are still visible in the guide coat.

The spots where the panel was plastifixed are still somewhat visible.

The spots where the panel was plastifixed are still somewhat visible in the guide coat.

Then it was time for the real deal. I hauled out the paint gun, respirator, various nasty solvents, etc. It worked much as before: the base coat came on fine, the clear coat orange peeled like crazy. I ran into the additional problem that I reused the same paint bottles I had used before, and the clear coat apparently dissolved small chunks of old clear coat that ended up as small, sticky, clumps in the clear. Sigh — that lesson is at least easy to learn. Apart from the uneven surface, it looked pretty good:

The freshly painted side panel against the old one. The paint is very similar.

The freshly painted side panel against the old one. The paint is very similar.

This closeup really shows how uneven the new clear coat is compared to the old one which is totally smooth.

This closeup really shows how uneven the new clear coat is compared to the old one which is totally smooth. I also got a little run in the clear above and to the left of the screw hole.

In a pinch, this would be usable, but I figured I had nothing to lose by trying to sand and buff the clear coat to get rid of the imperfections. After a few minutes of wet-sanding with 2000 grit (taking care to stay away from the edges) it looked like this:

After blocking with 2000-grit, I got rid of most of the orange peel on the flat parts.

After blocking with 2000-grit, I got rid of most of the orange peel on the flat parts.


There were a few sections with remaining imperfections, which isn't surprising given how uneven the piece was to begin with.

There were a few sections with remaining imperfections, which isn’t surprising given how uneven the piece was to begin with.

Now “all” that remained was to buff the clear coat until it’s shiny again. This should really be done with a machine, because it’s ridiculously hard work. (Though using a rotary buffer on motorcycle parts is difficult because they are so uneven and it’s easy to burn through the clear on the edges. After putting quite a bit of elbow grease into it, it looks like this:

This is the panel after quite a bit of manual labor buffing the clear back to a shiny state.

This is the panel after quite a bit of manual labor buffing the clear back to a shiny state. In case you were wondering, those gray parts are reflections of clouds, not matte parts of the paint…

Not bad! If you look closely, the clear that was sanded is still not as shiny as the parts that weren’t touched, but you can’t really tell unless you put it against the light and really examine the surface. It’s also clear that I managed to blow through the clear in a small spot. It’s hard to see in the picture, but just below and to the right of the solar reflection the paint is a bit lighter and “texture-y”. It’s about the size of a dime. That’s too bad, but I’m not going to attempt to spot-fix the clear. I’ll have to live with it.

All that remains until it can go back on is to put new “Honda Racing” decals on (I found some on ebay last year, so I have a complete set in store) and rivet a new Dzus fastener to the lower. The whole tab was cracked off, so I fixed that with plastifix but didn’t manage to source a new fastener until I found some at pro-bolt. Then I can start worrying about the NC30 fairings, which will be a way bigger project…

NC23 Brake light improvement

The NC23 has some aftermarket gadget that does two things: it turns the brake light of the twin tail lights into turning lights, and it makes the brake light blink. I guess the idea is that blinking the brake light makes it more visible. However, it blinks pretty fast and bulbs are slow to turn on. The end result is that the bulb never gets to maximum brightness and the brake light isn’t particularly visible at all.

I’ve been thinking for a while that if I could find rings of LEDs and mount them in the tail light, those would make the flashing much more noticeable. Well, something made me think of this a couple weeks ago and searching on ebay resulted in finding 50mm rings of red LEDs for 8 bucks. Not much to argue with!

You never know what you’re getting with these chinese LEDs, but I was pleasantly surprised. They are quite bright. Mounting them in the tail lights turned out to be a breeze, they fit almost perfectly around the bulb hole and a little RTV holds them fine:

This is the disassembled tail light with the two LED rings mounted around the bulb holes.

This is the disassembled tail light with the two LED rings mounted around the bulb holes.

After reassembling the tail light and splicing some connectors onto the wires going to the brake light bulbs, it worked pretty well. The flashing is certainly much more “sharp” than it used to. It doesn’t come out well on camera, but I tried to make a youtube:

Since the same flashing is used for the turn signals, those are also more noticeable, although that’s mostly academic since I’ve already added dedicated, yellow, turn signals that attach to the license plate. I read that integrated turn signals are unlikely to pass the Hawaii safety inspection, so I figured I might as well fix them right away. Unlike some people, I don’t find turn signals unsightly.

NC30 clutch investigation #2

Well, nothing’s ever easy with this bike…

As described in the last post, I found 4 clutch springs instead of 3, explaining the heavy clutch. So I put it back together with 3 as it should be. The clutch now felt pretty normal, very much like the NC23 one. I refilled the oil and took it for a test ride.

Unrideable; the clutch now slips at half throttle once you get the revs up a bit. I guess that explains why whoever put in the 4 springs did so, but what in the world is going on?

While I had it apart, I measured the plates and the spring stack. The plates were all 2.9-3.0mm thick, and the service limit is 2.8mm — no problem there. The metal plates were 1.9-2.0mm, but the Haynes manual doesn’t give an expected thickness. The spring stack (of 3) was 5.7mm and the service limit is 5.4mm, so no problem there.

Someone at 400greybike.com pointed me to this page, which details the clutch parts on the different NC30 and NC35 models. It turns out the metal plates for an N-model NC30 should be 1.6mm thick. The NC35, on the other hand, has plates that are 2.0mm. So it appears I have NC35 plates in my clutch.

That page also says that while all the different parts fit in all bikes, the clutch won’t work right if the correct parts aren’t matched. So, the logical conclusion then is to replace all plates. If that doesn’t do it, then it’s gotta be either that the springs are actually too soft (despite having the correct height) or that the slightly uneven clutch basket is making the plates snag. I doubt it’s the latter, the basket was not that bad compared to other clutches I’ve seen that worked fine.

So I guess we’ll have to wait and see. That’s another $200 plowed down in making the ’30 right… at least the clutch plates were available in the U.S.

NC30 clutch investigation #1

I complained before about the extremely heavy clutch on the NC30. It’s to the point that I can’t ride it for more than 15 minutes before having extreme hand pain. Now, my RSI-scarred hands aren’t exactly strong, but it’s way worse than any other bike I’ve ever ridden.

My suspicion was that someone had fitted an extra clutch spring — the bike has clearly been raced and people apparently sometimes do this to lessen the risk of clutch slippage. I’ve been meaning to take the clutch apart for a while, but the prospect of having to order a new clutch cover gasket from overseas held me back. Eventually I decided that if I’m going to have the bike, I need to be able to ride it, so I went ahead.

The first problem was the castellated clutch hub nut, which needs a special tool. I attempted to manufacture this from a piece of pipe, but sheared the tabs right off. I ordered a real tool on eBay and after being held up another week I could finally get it off.

It turns out my suspicion was correct:

Sure enough, there were 4 diaphragm springs fitted instead of the normal 3.

Sure enough, there were 4 diaphragm springs fitted instead of the normal 3.

So that solves that mystery. Hopefully reassembling with the normal 3 springs will make the clutch a bit more fit for humans. Apart from that, the clutch plates look good. I haven’t measured them yet but they seem to have a fair amount of wear left. However, I noticed something funny:

The clutch assembly. Note that the outermost friction plate is not mounted in the same slot as all the others.

The clutch assembly. Note that the outermost friction plate is not mounted in the same slot as all the others.

The outermost clutch friction plate is not aligned with the rest, but is fitted into another, shallow, slot. I can’t imagine this is intended (the clutch shown in the Haynes manual don’t even have this slot) so maybe it could have something to do with the clutch dragging when it gets warm. There’s quite a bit less play for the plate in this slot than in the main one. I guess we’ll see. Has anyone seen this before?

NC23 Speedometer light makeover

I had the fairing off the NC23 for wiring up the high-beam solenoid on the left headlight (when I retrofitted the headlights I only hooked up the right one to the high beam circuit, because I only had one connector) and I decided to investigate the extremely poor lighting on the instrument cluster. The speedometer on my NC23 is so poorly illuminated that it’s difficult to tell how fast you’re going when it’s dark. Clearly not desirable.

The bulbs were OK, so that wasn’t the problem. I guess the light provided by the 2 tiny bulbs just doesn’t have enough oomph to do it. I wonder if it used to be better. In any case, I figured an array of white LEDs around the perimeter of the gauge would do better.

After a bit of fiddling around I had manufactured a little ring of 9 deadbug-soldered LEDs that I mounted to the bottom of the speedo box with RTV. To get the power in there I cracked one of the bulbs and soldered the leads to the LEDs to the pins that used to hold the filament and encased it all in RTV. It aint pretty, but it works.

The result is pretty good. Unfortunately, I didn’t take any pictures of what it looked like before I started, but here it is:

The NC23 gauge cluster. The speedo, on the left, was about as well illuminated as the tach is currently. And in case you can't tell, there's a temperature gauge to the right...

The NC23 gauge cluster. The speedo, on the left, was about as well illuminated as the tach is currently. And in case you can’t tell, there’s a temperature gauge to the right… It looks like the bottom bulb on the tach might be burned out, too.

For comparison, this is the NC30 gauge cluster, with identical exposure settings:

The NC30 gauge cluster. The illumination is better than the NC23 one, but the temp gauge on the right is practically invisible here, too.

The NC30 gauge cluster. The illumination is better than the NC23 one, but the temp gauge on the right is practically invisible here, too.

I think it turned out pretty well. The LEDs are much more collimated than the bulbs, so the lighting is a bit uneven, but I should be able to see how fast I’m going without a problem now.

But seriously, what’s up with the temp gauges? There is a light there, but in the pictures it’s practically invisible. It’s easier to see in person, but only barely.

Interestingly, the NC23 numbers are blue. Of course, the LEDs are much more white compared to the bulbs, which are very reddish, but the meter overlays have the numbers in blue. Of course, putting a blue filter in front of a very red bulb doesn’t exactly help with brightness. Look at the difference in brightness between the blue numbers and the red redline on the tach. Not the best design decision Honda ever made.

More ShapeOko upgrades

I got a big chunk of 1/4″ 6061 aluminum plate and tried to mill it, with pretty depressing results. The setup just was nowhere near rigid enough to handle it. The force on the bit would cause enough flexure to pull the bit to the side or cause it to jam into the material. A complete failure. The problem was the axial loads on the wheels running on the rails. Most of them have a bit of play in the axial direction which means it’s possible to rotate the setup a little bit around the rail. This translates to several mm of play at the bit.

The obvious solution is to not rely on axial loads. The wheels are fine for radial loads since you can adjust the preload against the rail in that direction. This means we need to run two rails for each axis. After ordering a bunch of rails, aluminum profiles, etc, and taking the opportunity to lengthen the X-axis rails to 1m, it now looks like this:

This is the new setup, with double rails in all axes. The plastic plates holding the second Y-axis rail are temporary until I can make new side plates out of aluminum.

This is the new setup, with double rails in all axes. The plastic plates holding the second Y-axis rail are temporary until I can make new side plates out of aluminum.

The new 1m Y-axis rails. This gives much more usable area.

The new 1m Y-axis rails. This gives much more usable area.

The Z-axis uses the spindle mounts, which I designed to give a 100mm spacing if you use two of them in opposite directions. Along with a 100mm aluminum extrusion they make a frame holding the Z-axis rails. The wheels for the extra Z-axis rail are attached to an extra mounting plate in the same way as the original one. This plate is mounted on two longer aluminum extrusions.

The Z axes uses a 100mm aluminum profile and the Delrin spindle mounts to get the proper separation.

The Z axes uses a 100mm aluminum profile and the Delrin spindle mounts to get the proper separation.

The extra Y-axis rail then needs to be held to the gantry motor plates somehow. My plan is to cut new motor plates out of aluminum, but for that to work I needed some stopgap solution so that I can actually get to a point where I can cut aluminum…. So I cut a pair of plates out of 1/8″ UHMW. They are flexible in the sideways direction, but that doesn’t really matter. In the direction that matters, holding the extra rail in the up/down direction, they are plenty stiff.

With this setup in place, I tried cutting aluminum again. It certainly worked a lot better than before: this stiffening bracket for the long rails is not perfect but perfectly usable:

This bracket that stiffens the long Makerslide rails was cut with the ShapeOko. It needed some beautification but came out ok.

This bracket that stiffens the long Makerslide rails was cut with the ShapeOko. It needed some beautification but came out ok.

This was done with 100mm/min speed, 0.25mm cuts, and a 1/8″ HSS end mill, while spraying ethanol as lubricant from a paintbrush. However, by the end of the job, the end mill was clogged with aluminum…

After reading some stuff about cutting aluminum, it seems this is not uncommon. The problem is that you need to run the bit faster. Running too slow means the bit is rubbing against the material and heating it up, rather than cutting big chips which take heat away with them. The aluminum melts locally and ends up in the bit, and end of story.

I didn’t conduct an exhaustive test of how fast I can run, so I guess the next step is to see if how much I can increase the cutting speed. Higher speed means higher forces on the end mill, so flexure may become a problem again. I guess we’ll see what happens.